How secure is mail-in voting? Your election questions answered

With millions of votes expected to arrive by mail, many readers have been asking us about the security of mail-in ballots. 

Can mail-in ballots lead to people voting twice?

One audience member read our article on how to vote by mail and asked in the comments about what’s stopping people from voting twice or forging mail-in ballots.

Elections Canada has measures in place to prevent voter fraud and people attempting to vote once by mail and then again on election day.

For example, once your application for a special ballot is accepted — which you’ll need to vote by mail — your name is struck from the voter list that’s kept at the polls.

If you do show up on election day and find your name struck out, you’ll have to explain what happened to the voting kit you were sent. If you did not receive your kit or misplaced it, you’ll have to swear an oath that you have not cast a special ballot. 

You will then be allowed to vote. But you’ll be counted as having voted in-person and having received a voting kit. Elections Canada will then verify against their records of mail-in ballots to make sure you have cast only one vote.

WATCH | Canada’s chief electoral officer on preventing people from voting twice: 

What stops people from voting twice

Stéphane Perrault, Canada’s chief electoral officer, talks about the measures in place to prevent people from voting by mail and then showing up to the polls on election day. 1:12

Is Canada Post my only option for mail-in voting?

Some CBC readers asked us if they must rely on Canada Post to get their mail-in ballot where it needs to go on time.

The short answer is yes, unless you want to pay.

The Elections Canada website states that you can use an expedited parcel delivery service for your mail-in ballot, but it will be on your own dime. 

CBC News asked Canada Post questions about what is being done to account for an influx in volume during the election period, but the postal service deferred to Elections Canada as “the lead organization.” 

Elections Canada told CBC News it meets daily with Canada Post to “provide logistical support and advice.”

If you’re voting by mail and want information about potential delays, you can check the Canada Post Delivery Alerts page to see the latest about weather and postal events that may impact mail delivery in your neighbourhood.

Voters who are concerned about mailing their completed special ballot voting kit back on time also have the option to drop it off on election day, at their assigned poll or at any polling location in their riding.

How will I know if my ballot has been received?

Many of you wanted to know if you will receive confirmation from Elections Canada that your ballot has been received after mailing it.

The short answer is, no. But there is a way you can check yourself.

After your vote has been mailed off, you can call 1-800-463-6868 to make sure Elections Canada has received it.

How is our system different from the U.S.? 

The 2020 U.S. presidential election had a record-breaking 65 million votes cast by mail, which led to false claims of voter fraud by then-president Donald Trump. 

It’s important to note that the U.S. Justice Department found no evidence of widespread voter fraud that would change the outcome of that election.

Some of you wanted to know more about how Canada is going to handle the abundance of mail-in ballots differently from the U.S.

Tamara Small, an associate professor in the department of political science at the University of Guelph, told CBC News there are a few differences that are important to note. One is that there is a single governing body overseeing the federal election (Elections Canada), as opposed to each U.S. state dictating the way votes are cast and counted. 

WATCH | Tamara Small answers your mail-in ballot questions: 

Your mail-in voting questions answered

Tamara Small, associate professor of political science at the University of Guelph takes viewer questions on voting by mail ahead of the 2021 federal election. 2:29

“One electoral body running all the mail-in ballots across the country under the same process gives us a lot of reasons to feel confident about the process,” said Small. 

Voting by mail also isn’t new. Elections Canada notes that Canadians have been able to vote by mail since 1993.

“This is something [Canadians] have been doing for a long time, and they are really good at it,” Small said.

Do you have a question about the federal election? Send it to ask@cbc.ca or leave it in the comments. We’re answering as many as we can leading up to election day.